Discover how low progranulin levels—often caused by GRN gene mutations—lead to FTD, and how research is advancing toward earlier detection and new treatments.
Progranulin (PGRN) is a vital protein that supports cell growth, manages inflammation, and helps keep brain cells healthy. It plays a key role in protecting neurons, repairing cell damage, and clearing out waste—especially in parts of the brain involved in thinking, behavior, and language.
Mutations in the GRN gene, which provides instructions for making progranulin, can lead to lower levels of this essential protein. When progranulin is reduced, it can cause brain cell damage that leads to frontotemporal dementia (FTD)—a progressive condition that affects personality, language, and behavior.
When the body doesn’t produce enough progranulin, toxic protein build-up can occur inside brain cells, leading to damage over time. inflammation increases, and brain atrophy can occur—especially in areas that control thinking and language. These changes are closely linked to the symptoms seen in FTD.
Mutations in the GRN gene are among the most common known genetic causes of FTD. Blood tests and genetic screening can help detect low progranulin levels. Researchers are also developing biomarkers that may help identify the disease earlier and more accurately.
Scientists are actively exploring therapies aimed at boosting progranulin levels. These include gene therapies designed to restore GRN function, medications that stimulate progranulin production, and anti-inflammatory treatments that help protect brain cells from further damage.
Continued progress in research and patient advocacy is bringing hope to individuals and families affected by FTD. These efforts are helping to accelerate the development of treatments and improve care for those living with progranulin-related FTD.
Diagnosis of Progranulin-related FTD often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, geneticists, and sometimes psychiatrists.
Understanding if there is a genetic cause to the FTD in your family is a deeply personal decision. Genetic testing can help identify who in the family is at risk, allow you and your family members to plan for the future and may open doors to clinical trials.
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